Federal Williams Research Center

of Forage Production and Agroecology

 

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The role of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forage named after V. R. Williams, its leading scientists and specialists in the scientific substantiation of the systems of field forage production in the country, in the development of technological foundations for the cultivation of fodder and grain forage crops, as well as the role of fodder crops in the sustainable functioning of agroecosystems and increasing soil fertility is shown. The publication is intended for a wide range of readers interested in the development of the country's agriculture, researchers and graduate students conducting research on the problems of fodder production, agricultural specialists and bodies planning research on this issue.
The results of our own scientific research on the use of advanced technologies for the procurement, storage and use of voluminous forage prepared from legume-cereal grass mixtures, as well as silos preserved with new generation biological preparations Biosib and Biotrof-111 are presented. The ways and methods of improving the structure of sown areas during the cultivation of perennial legume-cereal grass mixtures with the inclusion of an unconventional forage crop - the eastern goat's rue are considered in order to increase the energy and protein nutritional value of voluminous forages. The possibility of using the energy feed additive Bergafat T-300 in winter rations for feeding highly productive fresh cows has been shown. The book can serve as a scientific and methodological guide for drawing up effective programs and long-term plans for the development of forage production and feeding of cattle.
A technology has been developed for DNA identification and certification of varieties of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.), Sowing (M. sativa L.) and hop (M. lupuli-na L.) based on molecular analysis with using SSR and SRAP markers. The recommendations contain a description of the sequence of experiments and protocols for DNA typing procedures. The presented methods were developed by the authors on the basis of their own experimental research and using the data available in the literature. A characteristic of informative primers for each marking system is given, a set of DNA identification markers is proposed, and unique molecular genetic formulas of varieties are drawn up as the basis for a reference genetic passport. Methodological recommendations were prepared with the aim of mastering the technology of DNA certification of forage grasses in practice. Designed for managers and specialists of research and control laboratories, can serve as a textbook for students and postgraduates in specialized specialties.
The book outlines the influence of many factors (soil type of growth of forage plants, type of forage plants, the use of fertilizers, climatic conditions) on the content of mineral elements in forage plants and feed. For each macronutrient (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, sulfur) and trace element (cobalt, iodine, manganese, zinc, iron, copper), considered as important for feeding animals, the content and transformations of the element in soils are outlined availability of plant forms. The physiological role of this element in plants, its concentration depending on the soil and climatic conditions is considered. For each element, its average content in well-known forage means is given, as well as standards for the concentration of toxic elements. The requirements of farm animals in mineral elements, their influence on each other are also considered. There is a great importance of taking into account the level of mineral elements in the preparation of rations, for which it is necessary to perform laboratory tests, and therefore sets out methods for their determination in the feed. At the same time, special attention is paid to such modern high-performance and precise methods as atomic absorption, with various atomizers and with inductively coupled plasma. The book contains a lot of reference data. It will be very useful for researchers and professionals, especially beginners, in the field of feed production and feed use, students who will get a holistic view of the mineral substances of soil, plants and animals.
Information on the use of molecular and traditional genetic markers in population genetics and breeding of agricultural plants is presented. An assessment of the level of diversity in populations is given using different types of markers, both at the level of alleles and at the level of individual nucleotides, including the measurement of differentiation within different marker systems. The relationship between molecular divergence, phenotypic divergence and co-origin described. The factors affecting the reliable determination of quantitative trait loci highlighted. Special attention is paid to the mapping of Mendelian genes. Special attention paid to the physiological and biochemical characteristics and their role in the manifestation and identification of economically valuable properties of cultivated plant species. Information is provided on the main hardware and software commonly used to conduct statistical calculations and establish a disequilibrium of marker/trait linking in populations. The purpose of the main computer programs, the most widely used for genetic mapping and establishing a marker / trait association, is briefly discussed.
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