Russian Federation
Lobnya, Moscow, Russian Federation
Moscow, Russian Federation
The main task of fodder production is to improve the quality of bulky fodders, such as hay, silage, and dried silage mass from perennial grasses, by maximizing the preservation of the biological value of green vegetative mass and increasing its energy nutritional value to 9.8 MJ of metabolizable energy per 1 kg of dry matter with a crude protein content of 13%. However, traditional technologies for their preparation are imperfect and lead to significant losses of nutrients due to the prolonged dehydration process, which can be accelerated in various ways. Currently, the following methods are used in agriculture to accelerate the field drying of grasses: uniform spreading of mown plants on the ground, repeated raking, rolling, and turning of windrows. The use of conditioning devices, such as threshing or crimping machines, which increase the surface area for moisture evaporation from the grass, is also effective. However, their application leads to an increase in the mass of mowers, complicates their design, and increases their cost. In this regard, the development of a simple-design dynamic conditioning device that accelerates drying and allows for the production of high-quality bulky fodders in a short period is a relevant and necessary task.
model sample, conditioner, working tools, alfalfa, damages, fractions, evaporating surface, constructive and technological parametres, drying
1. Orsik L. S., Revyakin E. L. Innovacionnye tehnologii i kompleksy mashin dlya zagotovki i hraneniya kormov. (Rekomendacii). – M. : FGNU «Rosinformagroteh», 2008. – 140 s. – EDN QKZPJT.
2. Osobov V. I. Sovremennye tehnologii i kompleksy mashin dlya zagotovki kormov. – M. : OOO KLAAS Vostok, 2008. – 52 s.
3. Tehnologicheskie osnovy prigotovleniya senazha (nauchno-prakticheskie rekomendacii) / V. P. Klimenko, A. S. Abramyan, V. M. Kosolapov, i dr. – M. : FGBOU DPO RAKO APK, 2024. – 40 s. – EDN ISCIZR. – DOIhttps://doi.org/10.33814/senazh_2024_40.
4. Ulanov I. A., Muhin V. A. Prisposoblenie k kosilkam-plyuschilkam dlya obrazovaniya valkov. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 541458 A1, 05.01.1977. Zayavka № 2097929 ot 17.01.1975; – EDN QDRLYV.
5. Ulanov I. A., Muhin V. A. Prisposoblenie k kosilkam-plyuschilkam dlya obrazovaniya valkov shatroobraznoy formy. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 651746 A1, 15.03.1979. Zayavka № 2453387 ot 17.02.1977. – EDN WEENFU.
6. Evdokimov Yu. A., Toropov V. R. Sposob podgotovki kormovyh rasteniy k sushke. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1153856 A1, 07.05.1985. Zayavka № 3544510 ot 21.01.1983. – EDN LFLGQO.
7. Geer V. A., Karateev N. P., Sposob uborki trav. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1701162 A1, 30.12.1991. Zayavka № 4758740 ot 15.11.1989. – EDN YYBVCM.
8. Skuratov V. S. Sposob uborki steblevyh kul'tur i ustroystvo dlya ego osuschestvleniya. SU 1718749 A1, 15.03.1992. Zayavka № 4663926 ot 30.01.1989. – EDN VUGBQG.
9. Valimov V. G. Sposob uborki sel'skohozyaystvennyh kul'tur. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1577091 A1. Zayavka № 4294241 ot 15.08.1987.
10. Kosilka-plyuschilka / V. S. Bykov, V. A. Semykin, D. V. Bykov, L. V. Sinyavskaya. Patent na izobretenie RU 53839 U1, 10.06.2006. Zayavka № 2005136676/22 ot 24.11.2005. – EDN XFXRFQ.
11. Yanko N. S. Ustroystvo v kosilke-plyuschilke dlya umen'sheniya plotnosti valka. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1166715 A1, 15.07.1985. Zayavka № 3693613 ot 20.01.1984. – EDN HCOSFF.
12. Kondicionery dinamicheskogo deystviya firmy KRONE (Germaniya). [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://www.krone-rus.ru/katalog-produkcii/diskovye-kosilki/easycut-f (data obrascheniya 19.05.2026 g.)
13. Forming mats from macerated alfalfa to increase drying rates / K. J. Shinners, G. P. Barrington, R. J. Straub, R. G. Koegel // Transactions of the ASAE. – 1985. – Vol. 28. – № 2. – Pp. 374–377. – DOIhttps://doi.org/10.13031/2013.32261.
14. Shinners K. J., Koegel R. G., Straub R. J. Consolidation and compaction characteristics of macerated alfalfa used for silage production // Transaction of the ASAE. – 1988. – Vol. 31. – № 4. – Pp. 1020–1026. – DOIhttps://doi.org/10.13031/2013.30816.
15. An overview of physical treatments of lucerne performed at Madison, Wisconsin, for improving properties / R. G. Koegel, R. J. Straub, K. J. Shinners, et al. // Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. – 1992. – Vol. 52. – № 3 – Pp. 183–191.
16. Evaluation of a crushing-impact forage macerator / T. J. Kraus, K. J. Shinners, R. G. Koegel, R. J. Straub // Transaction of the ASAE. – 1993. – Vol. 36. – № 6. – Pp. 1541–1545. – DOIhttps://doi.org/10.13031/2013.28494.
17. Round bale ensilage of intensively conditioned forage / P. Savoie, D. Tremblay, E. Charmley, R. Treriault // Canadian Agricultural Engineering – 1996. – Vol. 38. – № 4. – Pp. 257–263.
18. Savoie P., Roberge M., Tremblay D. Quantification of mechanical forage conditioning by compressibility // Canadian Agricultural Engineering – 1996. – Vol. 38. – № 3. – Pp. 157–165.
19. Luger E. Mattentechnik // Landtechnik im Alpenraum: Auswirkungen der Europaischen Union. –1996. – Pp. 48–50.
20. Oztekin S., Ozcan M. T. Application of the Maceration Technique for Drying Forage in Turkey // Journal of Agricultural Engineering Reseach. – 1997. – Vol. 66. – № 1. – Pp. 79–84.
21. Itokawa N. Field machinery for forage production in Japan // Proceedings of the International Workshop on Opening for Low-input Sustainable Forage Production and Use. – Hokkaido : Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station, 2000. – Pp. 211–218.
22. Montakov V. A., Puchkov V. A. Kosilka-plyuschilka. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 378172A1, 18.04. 1973. Zayavka № 1659608/30-15 ot 11.05.1971. – EDN AKVFEJ.
23. Lavrenov V. V., Orlov P. S., Skickiy A. A. Kosilka-plyuschilka. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 375050 A1, 23.03. 1973. Zayavka № 1650732/30-15 ot 19.04.1971. – EDN QHDHAV.
24. Ermolaev M. N. Sposob zagotovki sena. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1436922 A1, 15.11. 1988. Zayavka № 4176955 ot 09.01.1987. – EDN IBFKZB.
25. Bespamyatnov A. D., Macuca V. K. Izmel'chitel' dlinnovoloknistyh materialov. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 246192 A1, 11.06.1969. Zayavka № 1194038/30-15 ot 19.10.1967. – EDN ECRFKT.
26. Chubukov V. D. Izmel'chitel' rastitel'nogo materiala. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1140716 A1, 23.02.1985. Zayavka № 3644457 ot 23.09.1983. – EDN EAGCXC.
27. Makovkina N. P., Koronevskiy V. S., Zaguta N. F. Ustroystvo dlya izmel'cheniya rastitel'nogo syr'ya. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1189388 A1, 07.11.1985. Zayavka № 3736100 ot 03.05.1984. – EDN AVYAKK.
28. Gereysh O. P. Izmel'chitel' grubyh kormov. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1792588 A1, 07.02.1993. Zayavka № 4602356/15 ot 10.10.1988. – EDN CTWTAS.
29. Shekihachev Yu. A., Shomahov L. A. Kosilka-izmel'chitel' eshelonirovannogo rezaniya. Patent na izobretenie RU 2297131 C2, 20.04.2007. Zayavka № 2003123694/12 ot 28.07.2003. – EDN TLFSQJ.
30. Ustroystvo dlya transportirovki i izmel'cheniya kormov / N. A. Barsov, I. I. Akmalhodzhaev, M. A. Selivanova, i dr. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1604465 A1, 30.09.1991. Zayavka № 4752206/33 ot 24.10.1989.
31. Ustroystvo dlya otzhima soka iz stebley rasteniy kormouborochnoy mashiny / V. M. Kononov, M. V. Kononov, I. V. Pulin, i dr. Patent na izobretenie RU 2070375 C1, 20.12.1996. Zayavka № 94028117/15 ot 27.07.1994. – EDN OWBYSX.
32. Adamen' F. F., Luzin V. A. Ustroystvo dlya plyuscheniya kormovyh materialov. Patent na izobretenie RU 2064233 C1, 27.07.1996. Zayavka № 5019932/15 ot 04.11.1991. – EDN THZMFO.
33. Ermolaev M. N. Ustroystvo dlya obrabotki rasteniy. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1207421 A1, 30.01.1986. Zayavka № 3630807 ot 09.08.1983. – EDN GGBVZN.
34. Ermolaev M. N. Ustroystvo dlya obrabotki rasteniy. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo SU 1678238 A1, 23.09.1991. Zayavka № 4770752 ot 22.12.1989. – EDN QSDBXI.
35. Mehanizaciya polevoy sushki: puti sovershenstvovaniya / P. P. Kazakevich, S. G. Yakovchik, I. M. Labockiy, L. I. Trofimovich // Vesci Nacyyanal'nay akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya agrarnyh navuk. – Minsk, 2018. – T. 56. – № 4. – S. 481–491. – EDN VLXUVZ. – DOIhttps://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2018-56-4-481-491.
36. Strechen' M. V., Kokunova I. V. Obosnovanie konstruktivnyh parametrov plyuschilki stebel'chatyh kormov // Vestnik FGOU VPO MGAU. – M. : RGAU MSHA im. K. A. Timiryazeva, 2012. – № 5 (56). – S. 38–40. – EDN RBIJSL.
37. Kokunova I. V., Strechen' M. V., Smirnov R. N. Mashina dlya plyuscheniya stebley skoshennyh trav. Patent na izobretenie RU 117772 U1, 10.07.2012. Zayavka № 2011152362/15 ot 21.12.2011.
38. Kokunova I. V., Strechen' M. V., Titenkova O. S. Tehnicheskie sredstva dlya intensifikacii processa sushki trav v pole // Izvestiya Velikolukskoy GSHA. – 2013. – № 1. – S. 20–30. – EDN TILIOT.
39. Komlach D. I., Bakach N. G., Salapura Yu. L. Sovremennaya sel'skohozyaystvennaya tehnika dlya mehanizacii tehnologicheskih processov v rastenievodstve // Mehanizaciya i elektrifikaciya sel'skogo hozyaystva. – Minsk : Belaruskaya navuka, 2020. – S. 3–7. – EDN YWZLDB.
40. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po provedeniyu polevyh opytov s kormovymi kul'turami / Yu. K. Novoselov, V. N. Kireev, G. P. Kutuzov, i dr. – M. : Rossel'hozakademiya, 1997. – 156 s. – EDN WNBLWF.
41. Sposob opredeleniya ploschadi isparyayuschey poverhnosti trav / S. A. Otroshko, V. M. Sokolkov, A. V. Shevcov, V. M. Kosolapov. Patent na izobretenie RU 2843628 C1, 17.07.2025. Zayavka № 2024104991 ot 27.02.2024. – EDN LALUNH.
42. GOST 28722-90. Mashiny sel'skohozyaystvennye i lesnye. Kosilki-plyuschilki. Metody ispytaniy. – M. : Standartinform, 2005. – 6 s.
43. Bondarev V. A., Panov A. A. Metodika polevyh opytov po provyalivaniyu i sushke trav na seno i senazh. – M. : RASHN, VIK, 1994. – 11 s.
44. Provedenie opytov po konservirovaniyu i hraneniyu ob'emistyh kormov / V. A. Bondarev, V. M. Kosolapov. Yu. A. Pobednov, i dr. // Metodicheskie rekomendacii. – M. : FGU RCSK, 2008 – 67 s.
45. GOST 27262-87. Korma rastitel'nogo proishozhdeniya. Metody otbora prob. – M. : Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1987. – 9 s.
46. GOST 27548-87. Korma rastitel'nye. Metody opredeleniya vlagi. – M. : Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1988. – 7 s.
