Аннотация (русский):
Представлена информация об использовании молекулярных и тради-ционных генетических маркеров в популяционной генетике и селекции сельскохозяйственных растений. Дается оценка уровня разнообразия в популяциях с помощью различных типов маркеров, как на уровне аллелей, так и на уровне отдельных нуклеотидов, включая измерение дифференциации внутри различных маркерных систем. Описаны взаимоотношения между молекулярной дивергенцией, фенотипической дивергенцией и сопроисхождением. Освещаются факторы, влияющие на достоверное определение локусов количественных признаков. Отдельное внимание уделено картированию качественных менделевских генов. Особое внимание уделяется физиологическим и биохимическим признакам и их роли в проявлении и идентификации хозяйственно ценных свойств возделываемых видов растений. Приводятся информация об основных технических средствах и программном обеспечении, повсеместно используемых для проведения статистических расчетов и установления неравновесного сцепления маркер/признак в популяциях. Кратко обсуждены назначения основных компьютерных программ, наиболее широко используемых для проведения генетического картирования и установления ассоциаций маркер/признак.

Ключевые слова:
молекулярные маркеры, генетические маркеры, аллели, нуклеотиды

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