UDC 631.529
The article summarizes the scientific results on the use of provocative backgrounds in alfalfa breeding to isolate winter-hardy genotypes for the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. An overview of scientific research for the period from 1981 to 2024 is presented. It has been established that in order to preserve alfalfa crops, it is necessary to use proper agricultural technology, including: sowing no later than the critical dates for sowing seeds, autumn mowing before the critical dates for autumn harvesting, leaving stubble to retain snow, growing alfalfa together with a vetch-oat mixture, deep plowing of areas for crops, etc. The most effective breeding methods for isolating winter-hardy alfalfa genotypes are: sowing on hills, removing snow cover, freezing vegetation vessels, etc. The use of these methods allows us to identify genotypes that will then be involved in the selection process as a source of winter hardiness.
winter hardiness, provocative background, agricultural technology, alfalfa
1. Piskovackiy Yu.M. Lyucerna dlya mnogovidovyh agrofitocenozov // Aktual'nye napravleniya selekcii i ispol'zovanie lyucerny v kormoproizvodstve : sbornik nauchnyh trudov, vyp. 4(52). – M. : Ugreshskaya tipografiya, 2014. – S. 21–28.
2. Piskovackiy Yu.M., Lomov M.V. Izuchenie novyh obrazcov lyucerny v kollekcionnom pitomnike // Mnogofunkcional'noe adaptivnoe kormoproizvodstvo : sbornik nauchnyh trudov, vyp. 12(60) / FGBNU «VNII kormov im. V.R. Vil'yamsa». – M. : Ugreshskaya tipografiya, 2016. – S. 30–36.
3. Gaudet D.A., Laroche A. Snow mold-crop-environment interactions. In: Biotechnological applications of cold-adapted organisms. R. Margesin, F. Schinner (eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999: 191–202.
4. Guschina V.A., Timoshkin O.A., Volod'kina G.N. Osobennosti formirovaniya produktivnosti lyucerny izmenchivoy na vyschelochennom chernozeme Srednego Povolzh'ya v zavisimosti ot pokrovnyh kul'tur // Kormoproizvodstvo. – 2020. – № 5. – S. 20–25. – DOI:https://doi.org/10.25685/KRM.2020.90.77.001.
5. Bukin V.I. Vliyanie vodnogo rezhima na zimostoykost' lyucerny // Vestnik sel'skohozyaystvennoy nauki. – 1981. – № 3. – S. 94–96.
6. Danilov G.G., Kargin I.F., Nemcev N.S. Sistema obrabotki pochv. – M. : Rossel'hozizdat, 1982. – 270 s.
7. Pugach A.A., Taranuho V.G. Tehnologii proizvodstva produkcii rastenievodstva. Rastenievodstvo : uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie. – Gorki : BGSHA, 2021. – 83 s.
8. Kravchenko V.M., Biryukovich T.V., Poznyak O.N. Ocenka i otbor selekcionnogo materiala ozimoy rzhi s ispol'zovaniem morozil'nyh kamer i provokacionnyh fonov // Zemledelie i selekciya v Belarusi. – 2013. – № 49. – S. 259–266.
9. Primenenie metoda provokacionnogo fona v sozdanii ishodnogo materiala ozimoy diploidnoy rzhi v selekcii na zimostoykost' / T.V. Biryukovich, E.P. Urban, D.Yu. Artyuh, V.M. Kravchenko // Strategiya i prioritety razvitiya zemledeliya i selekcii polevyh kul'tur v Belarusi : Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, posvyaschennoy 90-letiyu so dnya osnovaniya RUP «Nauchno-prakticheskiy centr NAN Belarusi po zemledeliyu», Zhodino, 05–06 iyulya 2017 goda. – Zhodino : IVC Minfina, 2017. – S. 234–236.
10. Potapova G.N., Romanov A.P. Osobennosti selekcii ozimoy rzhi na zimostoykost' na Srednem Urale // Novye metody selekcii ozimyh zernovyh kul'tur : sb. nauch. tr. – Ufa, 2001. – S. 86–90.
11. Patent RU 2080054 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK A01H 1/04. Sposob selekcii ozimoy rzhi. Zayavka № 5059119/13 : zayavl. 19.08.1992. Opubl. 27.05.1997 / A.V. Titarenko, L.P. Titarenko; zayavitel' Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut sel'skogo hozyaystva Central'no-Chernozemnoy polosy im. V.V. Dokuchaeva.
12. Dzyuba O.V. Selekciya ozimoy rzhi na zimostoykost' // Vavilovskie chteniya «Nasledie N.I. Vavilova v sovremennoy nauke» : Materialy nacional'noy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, posvyaschennoy deyatel'nosti N.I. Vavilova, Novosibirsk, 30 noyabrya 2018 goda. – Novosibirsk : Izdatel'skiy centr «Zolotoy kolos», 2019. – S. 22–24.
13. Castonguay Y. et al. Alfalfa Winter Hardiness: A Research Retrospective and Integrated Perspective. Advances in agronomy. 2006. 90:203–265.
14. Castonguay Y. et al. Molecular physiology and breeding at the crossroads of cold hardiness improvement. Physiologia Plantarum. 2013. № 1(147). P. 64–74.
15. Xu H. et al. Study on molecular response of alfalfa to low temperature stress based on transcriptomic analysis. BMC Plant Biology. 2024. 1(24):1244.
16. Ispol'zovanie provokacionnyh fonov dlya ocenki i otbora po zimo- i morozoustoychivosti kollekcionnogo materiala ozimoy pshenicy / V.M. Kravchenko, F.I. Privalov, I.S. Matys, O.N. Poznyak // Zemledelie i selekciya v Belarusi. – 2013. – № 49. – S. 266–273.
17. Goncharov P.L. Selekciya rasteniy v Sibiri na adaptivnost' // Dostizheniya nauki i tehniki APK. – 2006. – № 1. – S. 13–15.
18. Dyukova N.N., Haralgin A.S. Selekciya i sostoyanie semenovodstva novyh sortov lyucerny v Severnom Zaural'e // Agroprodovol'stvennaya politika Rossii. – 2015. – № 8(44). – S. 59–62.
19. Ispol'zovanie provokacionnyh fonov v selekcii perekrestnoopylyaemyh kul'tur v Polesskom institute rastenievodstva / V.I. Kravcov, V.A. Radovnya, V.L. Kopylovich, O.S. Radovnya // Vestnik Belorusskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii. – 2023. – № 2. – S. 96–100.
20. Hodulikova L. et al. Effect of Soil Contamination of Fodder and Wilting on the Occurrence of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa Silages. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 2016. No 5(64). P. 1529–1536.
21. Zhang H., Venker K. Effect of Abiotic Conditions on Growth, Mycotoxin Production, and Gene Expression by Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Strains from Maize. Toxins. 2023. No 4(15). P. 260.
22. Mohamed Z.A. et al. Accumulation of microcystin toxin in irrigation water and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) forage plant, and assessing the potential risk to animal health. Chemosphere. 2024. (364). P. 143248–143248.
23. Tyulin V.A. Sozdanie i ispol'zovanie lugovyh travostoev. – Tver' : Izdatel'stvo Tverskoy GSHA, 2018. – 140 s. – ISBN 978-5-907112-03-2.
24. Dyukova N.N., Haralgin A.S., Haralgina O.S. Formirovanie vegetativnoy produktivnosti selekcionnyh obrazcov lyucerny izmenchivoy // Vestnik Buryatskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii im. V.R. Filippova. – 2020. – № 4(61). – S. 8–14. – DOI:https://doi.org/10.34655/bgsha.2020.61.4.001.
25. Dyukova N.N., Haralgin A.S., Haralgina O.S. Analiz semennoy produktivnosti lyucerny v Tyumenskoy oblasti // Problemy selekcii – 2022: Tezisy dokladov mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferencii, Moskva, 12–15 oktyabrya 2022 goda. – Moskva: RGAU–MSHA im. K.A. Timiryazeva, 2022. – S. 40.
